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ASD is a complex and heterogeneous psychiatric disorder, and early studies suggest a strong genetic component to autism. There has recently been a steady and highly significant rise in the estimated prevalence of ASD, due both to a greater awareness of the disorder and broader diagnostic criteria. ASD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders affecting 1 in 59 children aged 8 years based on the most recent estimates calculated by the United States Center of Disease Control.
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#Autism stem cell treatment in usa manual
According to the 5th edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, ASD is diagnosed in individuals exhibiting three social communication and interaction deficits, at least two symptoms of restricted or repetitive behavior/interests/activities, and a variety of specific symptoms classified within each diagnostic category.
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This review will focus on immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ASD and will further discuss the therapeutic potential for MSCs in mediating ASD-related immunological disorders.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, behaviorally defined disorder characterized by severe and pervasive impairments in social communication and repetitive behavior. Thus the underlying pathology in ASD, including immune system dysregulation and inflammation, represent potential targets for MSC therapy. The paracrine regenerative mechanisms of MSCs are also suggested to be therapeutically beneficial for ASD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties that make them relevant to several diseases associated with inflammation and tissue damage. Given the disturbing rise in the incidence of ASD, and the fact that there is no effective pharmacological therapy for ASD, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic options. Currently, the available options of behavioral therapies and pharmacological and supportive nutritional treatments in ASD are only symptomatic. In particular, there is direct evidence supporting a role for maternal immune activation during prenatal life in neurodevelopmental conditions. Although the pathophysiology underlying ASD is still unclear, recent evidence suggests that immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation play a role in the etiology of ASD. Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a range of conditions characterized by impaired social and communication skills and repetitive behaviors caused by different combinations of genetic and environmental influences.